Cultural Narcissism Essay Example for Free

Social Narcissism Essay Is then American culture reproducing a general public of narcissists filled by the confidence development that initiated during the 1970s? Is the current condition of steady prevailing press inclusion on excessively abundant superstars displaying their riches, alongside the capacity of anybody to post their private lives on the web for open survey making narcissism the standard? Could narcissism as a character issue be applied dimensionally to a whole culture in a social brain research setting? This paper will investigate speculations on social narcissism, the underlying foundations of narcissism going back to the sixteenth and seventeenth hundreds of years when the principal independence development rose, and how in ongoing history center has again moved around the person with the beginning of the confidence development of the 1970s, its subsequent impact on current ages, and possible impact on people in the future as social narcissism. Is American Culture Breeding a Society of Narcissists? There is an affirmation in social hypothesis that the current social pattern in America is energizing a narcissistic culture, however that as indicated by psychoanalytic hypothesis, narcissism must be applied to a person as an analyzed character issue that creates during adolescence (Morales, 1995). Subsequently, would narcissism be able to be applied to characterize the condition of a whole culture in a social brain science setting? In the DSM-IV-TR, narcissism is characterized as a character issue comprising of a â€Å"pervasive example of affectedness (in dream or conduct), requirement for profound respect, and absence of compassion . . † with in any event five rules that must be met so as to be determined to have a narcissistic character issue; for instance, having a â€Å"grandiose feeling of self-importance,† a conviction that one is â€Å"special,† having a â€Å"sense of entitlement,† a longing for â€Å"success, power, splendor, excellence or per fect love,† and a craving to connect with just the individuals who are of â€Å"high-status† in the public eye (American Psychiatric Association, 2000, p. 294). Nonetheless, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) test created by social clinicians, is utilized for expansive range dimensional appraisal of everyone to gauge narcissism in a social setting and has been very dependable in estimating narcissism in the public eye (Foster amp; Campbell, 2007). To comprehend speculations in the advancement of individual narcissism, Sigmund Freud in his 1914 exposition ‘On Narcissism: an introduction’ (as refered to in Crockatt, 2006, p. 5), proposes essential narcissism happens in each youngster as a phase of improvement, subsequently recommending every single individual is inclined to create narcissism at that stage. Afterward, Heinz Kohut (1913 1981) proposed his own perspectives on the etiology of narcissism and concentrated on improvement of the self related to the narcissistic self-object, and if a child’s narcissistic wishes are not rewarded with sympathy by oneself item, narcissistic issues follow (as refered to in Meronen, 1999). Truly it is possible, as per Trzesniewski, Donnellan, amp; Robins (2008), that the base of social narcissism dates as far back as the seventeenth century at which time the independence development in Europe was conceived. Proposing that the development started before, Leeds (2004, p. 109), alludes to papers composed by Morris Croll (1921 amp; 1927) who accentuated that during the sixteenth century a â€Å"new movement† moved the concentration to â€Å"inner and singular existence of men interestingly with the conceivable and open types of their social existence,† and this prior development basically detracted from cultural organized strict practice and diverted concentration toward individual, inward, and self-encounters.

Essay on William Shakespeare s Hamlet The Madness Of Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Article on William Shakespeare s Hamlet The Madness Of Hamlet Essay â€Å"Have more than you appear, talk more than you know†, a statement from King Lear, composed by the extraordinary man himself William Shakespeare, clarifying how you may have parts yet show nearly nothing and you may not know a great deal of things, however set forth that you do. For example, in Hamlet, the whole play is themed around sensational incongruity and how you show all the more yet the characters know less. This influences everybody in the play, and straightforwardly matches with the frenzy of Hamlet. From Act 5 Scene 2 the statement â€Å"Let four chiefs/Bear Hamlet like a trooper to the stage,/For he was likely, had he been put on,/To have prov’d generally imperial; and for his section,/The officers music and the ritual of war/Speak boisterously for him./Take up the bodies. Such a sight at this/Becomes the field, yet here shows a lot of out of order. /Go, offer the fighters shoot† directly affects the setting of the entire play. It analyzes how Hamlet has changed to a â€Å"soldier†, how the plot changes and how the contention of the play is tested. All together these things and the statement both add to the subject of the play, which is franticness, and the unpredictability of activity. â€Å"To thine own self be true† is the thing that we are educated at this point it appears as though villa needs the specific inverse. In the start of the play, Hamlet is viewed as frantic, and as we probably am aware first and foremost he shouts to â€Å"put a joke air on† meaning he was going to act abnormally, and by unusually he was meaning more distraught than ordinary. What's more, some place in the play he appeared to really turn distraught, this obliges the entirety of the hypotheses saying that Hamlet is intellectually sick, to profess to be frantic and have experienced what Hamlet has, with his father’s demise and afterward being told by the apparition of his dad to â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murther† meaning t. .inst the topic, it is an exceptionally inconspicuous, simple statement to state, there is no hard words, or unpredictability included. Nearly to state that at last the intricacy of the life of Hamlet is finished. Hamlet changes drastically all through the whole play from a lunatic to a trooper, from having the desire to execute Claudius to really doing it and obviously having his franticness influence the multifaceted nature of all that he does. Every one of these things interweaved and extraordinarily affected by â€Å"Let four chiefs/Bear Hamlet like a fighter to the stage,/For he was likely, had he been put on,/To have prov’d generally illustrious; and for his entry,/The officers music and the custom of war/Speak noisily for him. /Take up the bodies. Such a sight at this/Becomes the field, yet here shows a lot of not right. /Go, offer the officers shoot†. Some of the time it’s not what you state that influences somebody; it’s your activities that stick in a psyche.

D E S I G N I N G W I T H S U R F A C E S L I G H T Assignment

D E S I G N I N G W I T H S U R F A C E S L I G H T Assignment D E S I G N I N G W I T H S U R F A C E S L I G H T â€" Assignment Example > Light in the EnvironmentIt is important to understand the basic properties of light as it would help to work along with the features of light and design as per its various properties and create great buildings and interiors. Further, the manner in which the properties of light behave and is distributed on various surfaces and forms in the three dimensional that is very relevant to understand. The interaction between light and various surfaces help in providing important data regarding the surfaces and their characteristics, whether they are flat or curved, have edges or not etc. This information is critical for human beings as our interpretation about the shapes and characteristics of the objects helps us in interacting with them in an effective manner. Such interactions also help in limiting together with providing various opportunities for the architects and designers to play with light and create interesting buildings and interiors. While the constraints helps in defining the v arious functional issues that are being linked with how humans interact with the surrounding, the opportunities are more related to how light can be used in an aesthetic manner (Phillips 2000). Light travels in a straight lineLight is defined as the section of the electromagnetic spectrum on which the visual system responds upon. It is understood that light emitted from any light source travels in a straight line. Further, this straight line can be from any of the directions emitted from the light source. In the following section, we would understand how light interacts and behaves in the 3D world with regards to the law of light traveling in a straight line. This is an essential law to be regarded as it would help us in understanding the way light behaves in the environment so that it could be manipulated to create interesting designs (Lam Ripman 1992). Some of the basic properties that are linked with the properties of light being traveling in a straight line and interacting wi th the 3D world are given below: It has been found that in case there is a sharp or sudden discontinuity in the form or shape of a surface within the opposite direction on the light, a new orientation about the surface would be created. The shape of the object would also get replicated with a cast shadow wherein the light rays would illuminate the surface that is being displaced from the original form. In case the form is seen from that particular location then the shape would be viewed as a silhouette. This is due to the presence of cast and attached shadows. The shadow’s intensity however would be dependent on the forms’ size and the spatial relationships between them and the surrounding surfaces. In case the shapes are adequately spatially separated from the nearby surfaces and forms, it would be needed to introduce indirect skylight for decreasing the intensity of the shadows. Further, in case the light that continues even after creating the shadow may reflect on the shado w as well, due interaction with different surfaces beyond the initial surface and reflect back on the shadowed area. Thus, these spatial relationships between the various forms and the light source play a major role in the creation of the appearance of the surfaces or forms (Loriers 1992).

Human Resource Management ( Hrm ) And Human Resources

This report will provide an overview of the shift in Human Resource Management from collective to individualised approaches to Employee Relations and will also explain the concept of the psychological contract and consider its importance for contemporary Employee Relations practice. â€Å"The terms ‘human resource management’ (HRM) AND ‘human resources’ (HR) have largely replaced the ‘personnel management ‘as a description of the processes involved in managing people in organisation’s† (Armstrong, 2009, p.4). â€Å"Human resource management is defined as a strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organisation’s most valued assets-the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of its objectives.† (Armstrong, 2009, p.4). Human resource is the employees within the business, Human Resource Management is the management of the employees and to emphasis what they can bring to the business and monitor how the business can improve. â€Å"The overall purpose of human resource management is to ensure that the organisation is able to achieve success through people† (Armstrong, 2009, p.8), if the workforce feel valued, the work performance will be of a higher standard, this in tale can then boost the businesses production. Keynesianism People Management can be dated back to the late 18th century, the Industrial Revolution. Keynesianism was developed by John Maynard Keynes, a British economist in the 1930s who believed that in order toShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1508 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Human resource management (HRM) is the managing of human skills and talents to make sure they are used effectively and in alignment with an organization’s goals† (Youssef, 2012). The primary role of human resource management is to plan, develop, and order policies and programmers designed to make prompt use of an organization’s human resources. It is that part of management which is concerned with the people at work and with their relationship within an organization. I currently work for a HumanRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1562 Words   |  7 PagesHuman resource management (HRM) is an important strategic and systematic approach that provides each company with the oppor tunity to create policies and practices, as well as to establish administrative forms (Pfeffer, 2007). According to Armstrong (2009) HRM is an approach that deals with ‘employment, development, and well-being of the people working in organizations’. However HRM has evolved significantly through the years due to the rapid social, economic, political and environmental changes.Read MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1552 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an association that has emphases on the employment of, administration of, and providing direction for the employees within an organization. The Human Resource Management department members deliver knowledge, training, tools, administrative services, and lawful and organization advice. The HRM department is organized by very talented managers who has a mission to make sure the rest of the business has the needs for successful operation. HumanRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( H rm )1142 Words   |  5 Pageshe HRM Process Human Resource Management (HRM) is a combination of elements that work interdependently on each other to carry out the daily functions within an organization. Human Resources Management operates in several roles serving as a liaison between the organization and the employee. This dual role often present challenges within HRM; therefore it is vital the HRM Department is skilled on various issues that may arise on a daily basis within an organization. In this paper, I will discussRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1105 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an association that has emphases on the employment of, administration of, and providing direction for the employees within an organization. The Human Resource Management department members deliver knowledge, training, tools, administrative services, and lawful and organization advice. The HRM department is organized by very talented managers who has a mission to make sure the rest o f the business has the needs for successful operation. HumanRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm ) And Human Resources Development Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership in Human Resource Management (HRM) and Human Resource Development (HRD) have strong associations to people based initiatives within an organization. Employee actions and behaviors are inï ¬â€šuenced by HRM practices such as stafï ¬ ng, evaluation of employees, and incentives or rewards, and HRD practices such as training and career development. HRM is tasked with making the best possible use of the organizations human  resources, while HRD is an extension of HRM that focuses on the developmentRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )2412 Words   |  10 Pages these human traits can bring considerable benefits to organizations† (Mullins 1999). However, when managed poorly they have the potential to limit organizational growth and threaten the viability of a business. â€Å"There are countless ex amples of corporate and project crises in the construction sector which have arisen as the result of people s behaviour, and it would seem that human resource management (HRM) has the potential to eliminate more construction risks than any other management approach†Read MoreHuman Resource Management : Hrm772 Words   |  4 Pagesa brief description of the models of HRM discussed in the first chapter of the textbook, and explain how each one relates to strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management (HRM) at its best seeks to manage people and resources to maximize economic and social outputs. Social output resulting from providing opportunity for advancement will ultimately make employees become true participants in the company. Bratton and Gold (2012) outline six HRM models, they are: the Forbrum, TichyRead MoreHrm And The And Human Resource Management1094 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The main purpose to write this essay is to analogize the differences in the field of HRM and IR. The Foundation of Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management is based on intense academic study. The essay is an endeavor to illustrate by scrutinizing their objectives and the viewpoints or the approaches of this field. The first part of the essay is an attempt to define HRM and IR and it further continues to explain the differences and similarities between the two. In the lastRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1405 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resource Management (HRM) seeks to manage people and resources to maximize economic and social outputs. Bratton and Gold (2012) outline six HRM models which include: the Forbrum, Tichy and Devanna model, the Harvard model, the Guest model, the Warwick model, The Storey model, and Ulrich’s Strategic Partner model of HRM. Forbrum Tichy and Devanna model of HRM is based on the principle of selecting, appraising, developing and rewarding employees who fulfill management strategic business interests

Religion And The First Amendment - 834 Words

Religion and the First Amendment in Schools Recently, students were instructed to write an essay along with a pictorial representation of the person they considered to be their hero. Since one student chose Jesus as his hero and submitted a drawing of the Last Supper, possible legal complications need to be considered before grading and displaying the assignment. An examination of First Amendment legal issues that arise when a student submits an assignment of religious nature will provide insight into how the First Amendment applies in the classroom. Legal Issues Regarding Grading Historically, legal issues regarding the grading of assignments containing religious material have come to similar decisions. In Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969), a group of students decided to express their views about Vietnam by wearing black armbands to school. Although the district attempted to punish them for this, the Supreme Court ruled that the students were expressing a form of â€Å"symbolic speech† and were protected by the First Amendment, as long as it did not disrupt normal school functions. Similarly, expressing views of religion in school is protected if it does not disturb the educational process. According to Haynes and Oliver (2007), students have the right to express religious beliefs â€Å"in homework, artwork, and other written and oral assignments free from discrimination based on the religious content of their submissions† (p. 65). An educator mustShow MoreRelatedFirst Amendment- Rel igion Cases Of Religion1542 Words   |  7 PagesFirst Amendment- Religion Cases Religion is defined by a commitment or devotion to religious faith or observance. This probably was not the exact definition that the Founding Fathers knew but it was close. In the United States Constitution the very first amendment describes a few of the people’s unalienable rights. The First Amendment states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of theRead MoreThe First Amendment Speaks On The Freedoms Of Religion2059 Words   |  9 PagesHannah Bing Judy Hatcher WRIT 3037 17 October 2016 Free Art The First Amendment speaks on the freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly and petition; so important, they found their place in the US Constitution. Even with these freedoms meaning so much to the majority of America, somehow today we still encounter differences in political and religious views that seem to provoke people to act violently against a piece of art or even physically against the artist that created it such as in theRead MoreAmerica s First Amendment Right Of Freedom Of Religion2122 Words   |  9 Pagesin a downward spiral. It has come to a time where, the fate of our country could fall into the hands of one of the many people who believe it is right to persecute those of a specific religion because the actions of a small group of religious extremists. The unalienable First Amendment right of freedom of religion would be denied to more than 2.6 million people, based on uneducated assumptions. In addition to this, America has come to the point where more than fort y-five million people live in povertyRead MoreFirst 10 Amendments of the US Constitution: Focus on Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, and the Right to Assemble548 Words   |  2 Pagesï » ¿First 10 Amendments of the US Constitution: Focus on Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press and the Right to Assemble Balkin, J. (2004). Digital speech and democratic culture: a theory of freedom of expression for the information society. New York University Law Review, Paper 240. In this article by Balkin, he discussed the evolution of one of the important components of the Bill of Rights of the United States (US) Constitution, which is the freedom of speech. In his discussion of freedom of speechRead MoreThe Americanization of Religions1232 Words   |  5 Pages Religion is an essential and complex facet of the American psyche. The â€Å"Americanisation† of religion - a by-product of the first amendment is demonstrative of the role it plays in national identification. Transcendentalism, cults and Christian Zionism have all been a result of the â€Å"Americanisation† of faith. Neither the first or fourteenth amendment were in place at the time of independence and as such their evolution is inevitable. The first and fourteenth amendments essentially protect the establishmentRead MoreThe Right Of Free Speech And Freedom Of Press1363 Words   |  6 PagesThe right many Americans take for granted every day is the ability to speak to one another and to express their opinions through verbal and non-verbal means of communication. The First Amendment provides the right of free speech and freedom of press to the people. The Bill of Rights, also known as the first 10 amendments to the Constitution went into effect on Dec. 15, 1791, wh en the state of Virginia ratified it, giving the bill the majority of ratifying states required to protect citizens fromRead MoreThe Argument Of The First Amendment878 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of the First Amendment is to â€Å"ensure against government intrusions on personal freedoms such as freedom of religion, freedom of the press, free expression, freedom of association, and freedom of assembly (Michigan State University)†. So with the first amendment preventing against government intrusions on religion could a football coach at a public high school lead the players in prayer before a game? Well the answer is no, it is against the law for schools to sponsor or endorse speechRead MoreSex Marriage License Does Not Violate The Lemon Test1084 Words   |  5 Pages © Entanglement with religion: A public official allowing the deputy clerk to sign a same-sex marriage license does not violate the â€Å"Lemon Test†. However, making adherence to a religion can prohibit religion. Justice O’Connor concurred, that the Establishment Clause can prohibit in two principle ways and â€Å"One is excessive *688 entanglement with religious institutions, which may interfere with the independence of the institutions, give the institutions access to government or governmentalRead MoreExperience796 Words   |  4 PagesFirst Amendment: Religion and Education Grand Canyon University: POS: 500 October 20, 2015 Religion and the First Amendment An examination of the First Amendment legal issues that arise when a student turns in an essay and the displaying of religious nature for an assignment will provide insight into how the First Amendment applies to classroom assignments. Each reason will provide important insight, information, and court cases to better help in giving a view of the first amendment in regardsRead MoreThe First Ammendment and Dealing with the Separation of Church and State1741 Words   |  7 PagesThe First Ammendment and Dealing with the Separation of Church and State Is it unconstitutional for local, state or federal governments to favor one religion over another? Government can show favoritism toward religion by displaying religious symbols in public places at taxpayer expense, by sponsoring events like Christmas concerts, caroling, by supporting the teaching of religious ideas, or even by supporting the teaching of creationism in public schools. It appears the United

Who Made a Serious Mistake Free Essays

Identifying the facts of the facts: Jean Safari was investigating a serious error made by a Japanese worker at a Japanese subsidiary of a US multinational company. It was founded that a component was inserted upside down and the entire batch had been pulled out of production to be reworked, thus making it a high cost for recovery. Jean had for information about the incident, and she was amazed that plant director didn’t know who it really was from the group of workers. We will write a custom essay sample on Who Made a Serious Mistake? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even the floor supervisor did not know and even if he did, he would not tell Jean or anybody else about it. It simply just shows that they are all protecting each other in the organisation. The plant manager was polite and form enough to make Jean understand that the woman who was responsible for this act was indeed very upset that she had left the factory and went back home, also she was ready to resign. It was thanks to tow of her co-workers who convinced her to come back to work. The group who works with her is fully aware that she is new to the organisation, does not have anyone to look out for her or even see if she has been trained to do the work properly. That is why the whole group has apologized by a letter and they are also ready to apologize to Jean in public. But Jean doesn’t want the apology, she wants to stop such incidence from happening again, so she is wondering what she should do in order to prevent such acts from occurring again. Stating the problem What sort of collective action against the subsidiary should be taken in order to prevent such events? Setting the objectives 1) To find out whom really is the culprit who has caused such a huge loss? 2) List out a number of solutions for the problem 3) Choose the best solution out of the given choices ) Implement the solution that has been chosen Area of Consideration In order to reach a good and less harmful decision, a few areas have to be taken into account before implementing the final decision. The areas of considerations are mainly the stakeholders of the multi-national company. 1) Customers – Obviously they are the one who buy the products from the company in order to satisfy their needs and wants. But if there is a small affect/error that occurs, then it can lead to losing the customer. So the company should consider the customers if they are going to be affected by any changes in the business. ) Employees – They are the internals of the business, hence they make up the products and distribute it to the customers. The company should take the employees opinions into account before coming to a final decision and it is important to do so as it is linked to the case 3) Government Agencies (Legal Systems) – These are the place which includes the laws of the land and before coming to a final decision for improvement , the company needs to make sure that the decision that is being taken, is it legal or not. One should consider the laws of the land in order to avoid violation of the rules and regulations. ) Society – They are the people living as a whole in the same area or same country where the factory is located. A b usiness should consider its private and social costs and benefits of doing any activity in the business as it will have an impact (positive or negative) that can create an image infront of the society (good or bad) 5) Suppliers – They are the people who supply the necessary raw materials and equipment for businesses in order for them to produce goods and services. So the suppliers need to kept informed about changes that will take place in the business. Alternative Course of Action ) Getting rid of the employee and punishing the faculty worker for the error he/she has made which has also cost the company a lot. Usually it is done by individualists who remove the responsible employee from the work by force and give out a punishment or even a penalty for the error occurred. Advantage – By taking this decision, it was help in reducing the cost for finding a replacement. Disadvantage – If this decision is taken, it will give a bad impression to the entire employee a s this is how employees are treated if a mistake/error is committed. Not to mention the huge bad impression on the society as well. ) Motivating the employees in the business by providing them a monetary rewards like bonuses, health insurances. And then also non-monetary rewards such as education. Advantage – The employees will be provided with a feeling of confidence in order to perform better and make fewer errors in the business, hence focus more on the task. Disadvantage – This decision may give out a wrong idea to the workers that the company does not care about the errors that are made in the business. 3) Improving training, by providing courses for new and existing workers in order t encounter any future errors that might occur in the production. Advantage – The benefit of creating a more flexible workforce, helping to increase the flow of production, having made the workers more skilled and having more efficiency of the workers. Disadvantage – It is obviously time consuming and the cost to train employees will be high. 4) Improving the environment, changing the layout of the offices, even the colours of wall and the atmosphere to work in that will suit the employees. Advantage – Employees will be able to work without disturbance, there will be less stress and security measures can be provided as it will help the employees work in a flexible manner with less worries and stress. Disadvantage – It is time consuming and the cost to train can also be high. Choose the best solution For the problem which had occurred in the factory, a number of alternative actions were drawn out and out of them, the most effective decision in my opinion would be the third option, which is improving training for the employees. It is a decision that has been chosen so that workers feel more confident and less nervous while doing their job as they will be more skilled and perform better than before with less problems to occur in the factory. This decision has been taken so that employees will be able to work together more flexibly. It is advised that the other alternatives should also be used but after the training solution, so that performances of individuals will also increase with time. It is highly advised not to use the first option, which is getting rid of and punishing the employees as the Japanese are communitarians as it will have a bad impression on the workers as well as the society in various aspects. Cross Cultural Communication Assignment Who Made A Serious Mistake? Name – Asad Mudeer Student I. D. – 7639 Class and Batch – C-4, Evening Faculty – Dr. Sharon How to cite Who Made a Serious Mistake?, Papers

Marketing Concepts and Theories

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Concepts and Theories. Answer: Introduction In China there is a ongoing transportation war between Didi Chuxing and Uber that is becoming more and more each day. The Chinese taxi market is dominated by Didi Chuxing, a local Chinese company based in Beijing and Uber, a taxi company based in San Francisco that was launched in China in the year 2013. Uber has been spending $1 billion, in order to compete against Didi Chuxing. This amount is equivalent to what it earns per year in the top 30 cities of its operations throughout the world. On the other hand, Didi Chuxing which holds a dominant position in the market has got huge financing from not only the local giants of technology like Tencent Holdings Ltd. as well as Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. but also from the global giants like Apple and was able to raise $1 billion funds from Apple. Overall, it was able to raise $2 billion in funding. Uber on the other hand does not have this kind of financing options available. Five Marketing Concepts The dominance of Didi Chuxing in the Chinese market over Uber can be related to its successful implementation of a number of marketing concepts and theories as given below Better Identification and Understanding of the Customer Needs A realisation is present in the world of modern business that the business undertakings need to be customer oriented and the marketers need to pay a closer attention towards the needs as well as the wants of the customers for achievement and maintenance of business relationships in a successful manner (Suensson, 2001). Didi Chuxing offers a variety of options to the customers as several distinct transportation services are offered by it. The customers can be picked up by a private car, taxi, shared car, bus or shuttle van while the focus of Uber is only on the private car rides. The reason for this is that Didi has carried out proper research to understand the needs of the local customers and understood the gaps in the market and according came up with the options (Gronroos, 1978). The company realised that in Beijing, an average employee has to travel about 15km to reach his or her workplace. This takes 44 minutes if the average speed is 20kmph. A high transport vacuum exists throughout China as the experience in the taxis, subways and local buses is not good and hence a need for better and more options. Customer Satisfaction in a better way The three Cs of customer satisfaction are consistency, consistency and just consistency and as the adage in marketing suggests that a happy customer is going to say a little while an unhappy customer will make sure that everyone knows about the negative interaction (Angelova Zekiri, 2011). Didi now encourages the customers to report about any negative incidents and for this they also have a WeChat system where they can report about bad taxi driver (Stinson, 2015). Besides the commuting options, a wide net is also being cast by Didi in terms of the geographic coverage which helps in increasing the customer base (Felix, 2015). Consequently, Didi handles over 11 million rides per day in comparison to 1 million rides per day by Uber in China in the year 2015. Cost Effectiveness The easiest ways of reaching the customers and which is more cost effective is through the use of online sites and apps for marketing the company (Olenski, 2015). The apps of large taxis do not get any transaction fees from the drivers of the taxi which leads to the acceptance among the taxi drivers. However, for hiring a private car, there is a charge of 3% applicable as transaction charge as it helps in the generation of revenue for these apps. Thus, offering of services like the taxi in private cars is not new but in China this is less disruptive in comparison to cities like Paris and the Government is more tolerant in China and so far a tough regulatory environment has not been faced by Uber for offering subsidies to the drivers. Rebranding for appealing to a larger audience Rebranding leads to the formation of an image of the product that is totally new and usually the old identity is lost (Goi Goi, 2011). The significant elements of the brand comprise slogan, logo and name and if changes are made by the company in these, it is significant that the change should create an impact which would be remembered by the customers, recognise as well as associate with. The change should help the consumers in recalling the brand name (Rosenthal, 2003). These strategies give the companies a competitive edge (Raja, N.S.; Zahad, S, 2015). The use of the name Didi Chuxing was a concept that was much more broader as in Chinese the meaning of Chuxing is commute or travel and thus it would have a greater connect with the customers in comparison to any other name. Identification and prediction of the future needs of the customers for maintaining long term relationships with them Goods as well as services are being made more progressive today as the businesses are looking for the unconscious consumer needs and producing goods in order to gratify them. The marketing concept takes the perspective of outside-in. It begins with a market that is well defined, focuses on the needs of the customers and integrates the various marketing activities affecting the customers. In turn profits are generated by the creation of last relationships with the right customers on the basis of value satisfaction (Kotler Armstrong, 2010). Developing autonomous features of driving and incorporating them in taxi-hailing apps fleet is the need of the customers in future. Car-pooling is fast emerging as a new option and journeys to the offices and shops are being shared by the people. Establishing self-driving cars is another driver for growth in future and they might make their appearance within the next two years. Conclusion A costly fight is being put up by both Didi Chuxing and Uber for attracting a higher number of drivers to sign up by providing them with subsidies and also attracting more passengers by providing deals like cash back. In a highly competitive business environment, more attention is paid by the firms to the customer needs so that quality products can be provided to them for satisfying their expectations which are ever rising. Didi always believes that a happy customer certainly means higher customer satisfaction as well as leads to customer retention in the long run (Hansemark Albinson, 2004). 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