Cultural Narcissism Essay Example for Free

Social Narcissism Essay Is then American culture reproducing a general public of narcissists filled by the confidence development that initiated during the 1970s? Is the current condition of steady prevailing press inclusion on excessively abundant superstars displaying their riches, alongside the capacity of anybody to post their private lives on the web for open survey making narcissism the standard? Could narcissism as a character issue be applied dimensionally to a whole culture in a social brain research setting? This paper will investigate speculations on social narcissism, the underlying foundations of narcissism going back to the sixteenth and seventeenth hundreds of years when the principal independence development rose, and how in ongoing history center has again moved around the person with the beginning of the confidence development of the 1970s, its subsequent impact on current ages, and possible impact on people in the future as social narcissism. Is American Culture Breeding a Society of Narcissists? There is an affirmation in social hypothesis that the current social pattern in America is energizing a narcissistic culture, however that as indicated by psychoanalytic hypothesis, narcissism must be applied to a person as an analyzed character issue that creates during adolescence (Morales, 1995). Subsequently, would narcissism be able to be applied to characterize the condition of a whole culture in a social brain science setting? In the DSM-IV-TR, narcissism is characterized as a character issue comprising of a â€Å"pervasive example of affectedness (in dream or conduct), requirement for profound respect, and absence of compassion . . † with in any event five rules that must be met so as to be determined to have a narcissistic character issue; for instance, having a â€Å"grandiose feeling of self-importance,† a conviction that one is â€Å"special,† having a â€Å"sense of entitlement,† a longing for â€Å"success, power, splendor, excellence or per fect love,† and a craving to connect with just the individuals who are of â€Å"high-status† in the public eye (American Psychiatric Association, 2000, p. 294). Nonetheless, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) test created by social clinicians, is utilized for expansive range dimensional appraisal of everyone to gauge narcissism in a social setting and has been very dependable in estimating narcissism in the public eye (Foster amp; Campbell, 2007). To comprehend speculations in the advancement of individual narcissism, Sigmund Freud in his 1914 exposition ‘On Narcissism: an introduction’ (as refered to in Crockatt, 2006, p. 5), proposes essential narcissism happens in each youngster as a phase of improvement, subsequently recommending every single individual is inclined to create narcissism at that stage. Afterward, Heinz Kohut (1913 1981) proposed his own perspectives on the etiology of narcissism and concentrated on improvement of the self related to the narcissistic self-object, and if a child’s narcissistic wishes are not rewarded with sympathy by oneself item, narcissistic issues follow (as refered to in Meronen, 1999). Truly it is possible, as per Trzesniewski, Donnellan, amp; Robins (2008), that the base of social narcissism dates as far back as the seventeenth century at which time the independence development in Europe was conceived. Proposing that the development started before, Leeds (2004, p. 109), alludes to papers composed by Morris Croll (1921 amp; 1927) who accentuated that during the sixteenth century a â€Å"new movement† moved the concentration to â€Å"inner and singular existence of men interestingly with the conceivable and open types of their social existence,† and this prior development basically detracted from cultural organized strict practice and diverted concentration toward individual, inward, and self-encounters.

Essay on William Shakespeare s Hamlet The Madness Of Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Article on William Shakespeare s Hamlet The Madness Of Hamlet Essay â€Å"Have more than you appear, talk more than you know†, a statement from King Lear, composed by the extraordinary man himself William Shakespeare, clarifying how you may have parts yet show nearly nothing and you may not know a great deal of things, however set forth that you do. For example, in Hamlet, the whole play is themed around sensational incongruity and how you show all the more yet the characters know less. This influences everybody in the play, and straightforwardly matches with the frenzy of Hamlet. From Act 5 Scene 2 the statement â€Å"Let four chiefs/Bear Hamlet like a trooper to the stage,/For he was likely, had he been put on,/To have prov’d generally imperial; and for his section,/The officers music and the ritual of war/Speak boisterously for him./Take up the bodies. Such a sight at this/Becomes the field, yet here shows a lot of out of order. /Go, offer the fighters shoot† directly affects the setting of the entire play. It analyzes how Hamlet has changed to a â€Å"soldier†, how the plot changes and how the contention of the play is tested. All together these things and the statement both add to the subject of the play, which is franticness, and the unpredictability of activity. â€Å"To thine own self be true† is the thing that we are educated at this point it appears as though villa needs the specific inverse. In the start of the play, Hamlet is viewed as frantic, and as we probably am aware first and foremost he shouts to â€Å"put a joke air on† meaning he was going to act abnormally, and by unusually he was meaning more distraught than ordinary. What's more, some place in the play he appeared to really turn distraught, this obliges the entirety of the hypotheses saying that Hamlet is intellectually sick, to profess to be frantic and have experienced what Hamlet has, with his father’s demise and afterward being told by the apparition of his dad to â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murther† meaning t. .inst the topic, it is an exceptionally inconspicuous, simple statement to state, there is no hard words, or unpredictability included. Nearly to state that at last the intricacy of the life of Hamlet is finished. Hamlet changes drastically all through the whole play from a lunatic to a trooper, from having the desire to execute Claudius to really doing it and obviously having his franticness influence the multifaceted nature of all that he does. Every one of these things interweaved and extraordinarily affected by â€Å"Let four chiefs/Bear Hamlet like a fighter to the stage,/For he was likely, had he been put on,/To have prov’d generally illustrious; and for his entry,/The officers music and the custom of war/Speak noisily for him. /Take up the bodies. Such a sight at this/Becomes the field, yet here shows a lot of not right. /Go, offer the officers shoot†. Some of the time it’s not what you state that influences somebody; it’s your activities that stick in a psyche.

D E S I G N I N G W I T H S U R F A C E S L I G H T Assignment

D E S I G N I N G W I T H S U R F A C E S L I G H T Assignment D E S I G N I N G W I T H S U R F A C E S L I G H T â€" Assignment Example > Light in the EnvironmentIt is important to understand the basic properties of light as it would help to work along with the features of light and design as per its various properties and create great buildings and interiors. Further, the manner in which the properties of light behave and is distributed on various surfaces and forms in the three dimensional that is very relevant to understand. The interaction between light and various surfaces help in providing important data regarding the surfaces and their characteristics, whether they are flat or curved, have edges or not etc. This information is critical for human beings as our interpretation about the shapes and characteristics of the objects helps us in interacting with them in an effective manner. Such interactions also help in limiting together with providing various opportunities for the architects and designers to play with light and create interesting buildings and interiors. While the constraints helps in defining the v arious functional issues that are being linked with how humans interact with the surrounding, the opportunities are more related to how light can be used in an aesthetic manner (Phillips 2000). Light travels in a straight lineLight is defined as the section of the electromagnetic spectrum on which the visual system responds upon. It is understood that light emitted from any light source travels in a straight line. Further, this straight line can be from any of the directions emitted from the light source. In the following section, we would understand how light interacts and behaves in the 3D world with regards to the law of light traveling in a straight line. This is an essential law to be regarded as it would help us in understanding the way light behaves in the environment so that it could be manipulated to create interesting designs (Lam Ripman 1992). Some of the basic properties that are linked with the properties of light being traveling in a straight line and interacting wi th the 3D world are given below: It has been found that in case there is a sharp or sudden discontinuity in the form or shape of a surface within the opposite direction on the light, a new orientation about the surface would be created. The shape of the object would also get replicated with a cast shadow wherein the light rays would illuminate the surface that is being displaced from the original form. In case the form is seen from that particular location then the shape would be viewed as a silhouette. This is due to the presence of cast and attached shadows. The shadow’s intensity however would be dependent on the forms’ size and the spatial relationships between them and the surrounding surfaces. In case the shapes are adequately spatially separated from the nearby surfaces and forms, it would be needed to introduce indirect skylight for decreasing the intensity of the shadows. Further, in case the light that continues even after creating the shadow may reflect on the shado w as well, due interaction with different surfaces beyond the initial surface and reflect back on the shadowed area. Thus, these spatial relationships between the various forms and the light source play a major role in the creation of the appearance of the surfaces or forms (Loriers 1992).

Human Resource Management ( Hrm ) And Human Resources

This report will provide an overview of the shift in Human Resource Management from collective to individualised approaches to Employee Relations and will also explain the concept of the psychological contract and consider its importance for contemporary Employee Relations practice. â€Å"The terms ‘human resource management’ (HRM) AND ‘human resources’ (HR) have largely replaced the ‘personnel management ‘as a description of the processes involved in managing people in organisation’s† (Armstrong, 2009, p.4). â€Å"Human resource management is defined as a strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organisation’s most valued assets-the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of its objectives.† (Armstrong, 2009, p.4). Human resource is the employees within the business, Human Resource Management is the management of the employees and to emphasis what they can bring to the business and monitor how the business can improve. â€Å"The overall purpose of human resource management is to ensure that the organisation is able to achieve success through people† (Armstrong, 2009, p.8), if the workforce feel valued, the work performance will be of a higher standard, this in tale can then boost the businesses production. Keynesianism People Management can be dated back to the late 18th century, the Industrial Revolution. Keynesianism was developed by John Maynard Keynes, a British economist in the 1930s who believed that in order toShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1508 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Human resource management (HRM) is the managing of human skills and talents to make sure they are used effectively and in alignment with an organization’s goals† (Youssef, 2012). The primary role of human resource management is to plan, develop, and order policies and programmers designed to make prompt use of an organization’s human resources. It is that part of management which is concerned with the people at work and with their relationship within an organization. I currently work for a HumanRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1562 Words   |  7 PagesHuman resource management (HRM) is an important strategic and systematic approach that provides each company with the oppor tunity to create policies and practices, as well as to establish administrative forms (Pfeffer, 2007). According to Armstrong (2009) HRM is an approach that deals with ‘employment, development, and well-being of the people working in organizations’. However HRM has evolved significantly through the years due to the rapid social, economic, political and environmental changes.Read MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1552 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an association that has emphases on the employment of, administration of, and providing direction for the employees within an organization. The Human Resource Management department members deliver knowledge, training, tools, administrative services, and lawful and organization advice. The HRM department is organized by very talented managers who has a mission to make sure the rest of the business has the needs for successful operation. HumanRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( H rm )1142 Words   |  5 Pageshe HRM Process Human Resource Management (HRM) is a combination of elements that work interdependently on each other to carry out the daily functions within an organization. Human Resources Management operates in several roles serving as a liaison between the organization and the employee. This dual role often present challenges within HRM; therefore it is vital the HRM Department is skilled on various issues that may arise on a daily basis within an organization. In this paper, I will discussRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1105 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an association that has emphases on the employment of, administration of, and providing direction for the employees within an organization. The Human Resource Management department members deliver knowledge, training, tools, administrative services, and lawful and organization advice. The HRM department is organized by very talented managers who has a mission to make sure the rest o f the business has the needs for successful operation. HumanRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm ) And Human Resources Development Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership in Human Resource Management (HRM) and Human Resource Development (HRD) have strong associations to people based initiatives within an organization. Employee actions and behaviors are inï ¬â€šuenced by HRM practices such as stafï ¬ ng, evaluation of employees, and incentives or rewards, and HRD practices such as training and career development. HRM is tasked with making the best possible use of the organizations human  resources, while HRD is an extension of HRM that focuses on the developmentRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )2412 Words   |  10 Pages these human traits can bring considerable benefits to organizations† (Mullins 1999). However, when managed poorly they have the potential to limit organizational growth and threaten the viability of a business. â€Å"There are countless ex amples of corporate and project crises in the construction sector which have arisen as the result of people s behaviour, and it would seem that human resource management (HRM) has the potential to eliminate more construction risks than any other management approach†Read MoreHuman Resource Management : Hrm772 Words   |  4 Pagesa brief description of the models of HRM discussed in the first chapter of the textbook, and explain how each one relates to strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management (HRM) at its best seeks to manage people and resources to maximize economic and social outputs. Social output resulting from providing opportunity for advancement will ultimately make employees become true participants in the company. Bratton and Gold (2012) outline six HRM models, they are: the Forbrum, TichyRead MoreHrm And The And Human Resource Management1094 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The main purpose to write this essay is to analogize the differences in the field of HRM and IR. The Foundation of Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management is based on intense academic study. The essay is an endeavor to illustrate by scrutinizing their objectives and the viewpoints or the approaches of this field. The first part of the essay is an attempt to define HRM and IR and it further continues to explain the differences and similarities between the two. In the lastRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1405 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resource Management (HRM) seeks to manage people and resources to maximize economic and social outputs. Bratton and Gold (2012) outline six HRM models which include: the Forbrum, Tichy and Devanna model, the Harvard model, the Guest model, the Warwick model, The Storey model, and Ulrich’s Strategic Partner model of HRM. Forbrum Tichy and Devanna model of HRM is based on the principle of selecting, appraising, developing and rewarding employees who fulfill management strategic business interests

Religion And The First Amendment - 834 Words

Religion and the First Amendment in Schools Recently, students were instructed to write an essay along with a pictorial representation of the person they considered to be their hero. Since one student chose Jesus as his hero and submitted a drawing of the Last Supper, possible legal complications need to be considered before grading and displaying the assignment. An examination of First Amendment legal issues that arise when a student submits an assignment of religious nature will provide insight into how the First Amendment applies in the classroom. Legal Issues Regarding Grading Historically, legal issues regarding the grading of assignments containing religious material have come to similar decisions. In Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969), a group of students decided to express their views about Vietnam by wearing black armbands to school. Although the district attempted to punish them for this, the Supreme Court ruled that the students were expressing a form of â€Å"symbolic speech† and were protected by the First Amendment, as long as it did not disrupt normal school functions. Similarly, expressing views of religion in school is protected if it does not disturb the educational process. According to Haynes and Oliver (2007), students have the right to express religious beliefs â€Å"in homework, artwork, and other written and oral assignments free from discrimination based on the religious content of their submissions† (p. 65). An educator mustShow MoreRelatedFirst Amendment- Rel igion Cases Of Religion1542 Words   |  7 PagesFirst Amendment- Religion Cases Religion is defined by a commitment or devotion to religious faith or observance. This probably was not the exact definition that the Founding Fathers knew but it was close. In the United States Constitution the very first amendment describes a few of the people’s unalienable rights. The First Amendment states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of theRead MoreThe First Amendment Speaks On The Freedoms Of Religion2059 Words   |  9 PagesHannah Bing Judy Hatcher WRIT 3037 17 October 2016 Free Art The First Amendment speaks on the freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly and petition; so important, they found their place in the US Constitution. Even with these freedoms meaning so much to the majority of America, somehow today we still encounter differences in political and religious views that seem to provoke people to act violently against a piece of art or even physically against the artist that created it such as in theRead MoreAmerica s First Amendment Right Of Freedom Of Religion2122 Words   |  9 Pagesin a downward spiral. It has come to a time where, the fate of our country could fall into the hands of one of the many people who believe it is right to persecute those of a specific religion because the actions of a small group of religious extremists. The unalienable First Amendment right of freedom of religion would be denied to more than 2.6 million people, based on uneducated assumptions. In addition to this, America has come to the point where more than fort y-five million people live in povertyRead MoreFirst 10 Amendments of the US Constitution: Focus on Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, and the Right to Assemble548 Words   |  2 Pagesï » ¿First 10 Amendments of the US Constitution: Focus on Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press and the Right to Assemble Balkin, J. (2004). Digital speech and democratic culture: a theory of freedom of expression for the information society. New York University Law Review, Paper 240. In this article by Balkin, he discussed the evolution of one of the important components of the Bill of Rights of the United States (US) Constitution, which is the freedom of speech. In his discussion of freedom of speechRead MoreThe Americanization of Religions1232 Words   |  5 Pages Religion is an essential and complex facet of the American psyche. The â€Å"Americanisation† of religion - a by-product of the first amendment is demonstrative of the role it plays in national identification. Transcendentalism, cults and Christian Zionism have all been a result of the â€Å"Americanisation† of faith. Neither the first or fourteenth amendment were in place at the time of independence and as such their evolution is inevitable. The first and fourteenth amendments essentially protect the establishmentRead MoreThe Right Of Free Speech And Freedom Of Press1363 Words   |  6 PagesThe right many Americans take for granted every day is the ability to speak to one another and to express their opinions through verbal and non-verbal means of communication. The First Amendment provides the right of free speech and freedom of press to the people. The Bill of Rights, also known as the first 10 amendments to the Constitution went into effect on Dec. 15, 1791, wh en the state of Virginia ratified it, giving the bill the majority of ratifying states required to protect citizens fromRead MoreThe Argument Of The First Amendment878 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of the First Amendment is to â€Å"ensure against government intrusions on personal freedoms such as freedom of religion, freedom of the press, free expression, freedom of association, and freedom of assembly (Michigan State University)†. So with the first amendment preventing against government intrusions on religion could a football coach at a public high school lead the players in prayer before a game? Well the answer is no, it is against the law for schools to sponsor or endorse speechRead MoreSex Marriage License Does Not Violate The Lemon Test1084 Words   |  5 Pages © Entanglement with religion: A public official allowing the deputy clerk to sign a same-sex marriage license does not violate the â€Å"Lemon Test†. However, making adherence to a religion can prohibit religion. Justice O’Connor concurred, that the Establishment Clause can prohibit in two principle ways and â€Å"One is excessive *688 entanglement with religious institutions, which may interfere with the independence of the institutions, give the institutions access to government or governmentalRead MoreExperience796 Words   |  4 PagesFirst Amendment: Religion and Education Grand Canyon University: POS: 500 October 20, 2015 Religion and the First Amendment An examination of the First Amendment legal issues that arise when a student turns in an essay and the displaying of religious nature for an assignment will provide insight into how the First Amendment applies to classroom assignments. Each reason will provide important insight, information, and court cases to better help in giving a view of the first amendment in regardsRead MoreThe First Ammendment and Dealing with the Separation of Church and State1741 Words   |  7 PagesThe First Ammendment and Dealing with the Separation of Church and State Is it unconstitutional for local, state or federal governments to favor one religion over another? Government can show favoritism toward religion by displaying religious symbols in public places at taxpayer expense, by sponsoring events like Christmas concerts, caroling, by supporting the teaching of religious ideas, or even by supporting the teaching of creationism in public schools. It appears the United

Who Made a Serious Mistake Free Essays

Identifying the facts of the facts: Jean Safari was investigating a serious error made by a Japanese worker at a Japanese subsidiary of a US multinational company. It was founded that a component was inserted upside down and the entire batch had been pulled out of production to be reworked, thus making it a high cost for recovery. Jean had for information about the incident, and she was amazed that plant director didn’t know who it really was from the group of workers. We will write a custom essay sample on Who Made a Serious Mistake? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even the floor supervisor did not know and even if he did, he would not tell Jean or anybody else about it. It simply just shows that they are all protecting each other in the organisation. The plant manager was polite and form enough to make Jean understand that the woman who was responsible for this act was indeed very upset that she had left the factory and went back home, also she was ready to resign. It was thanks to tow of her co-workers who convinced her to come back to work. The group who works with her is fully aware that she is new to the organisation, does not have anyone to look out for her or even see if she has been trained to do the work properly. That is why the whole group has apologized by a letter and they are also ready to apologize to Jean in public. But Jean doesn’t want the apology, she wants to stop such incidence from happening again, so she is wondering what she should do in order to prevent such acts from occurring again. Stating the problem What sort of collective action against the subsidiary should be taken in order to prevent such events? Setting the objectives 1) To find out whom really is the culprit who has caused such a huge loss? 2) List out a number of solutions for the problem 3) Choose the best solution out of the given choices ) Implement the solution that has been chosen Area of Consideration In order to reach a good and less harmful decision, a few areas have to be taken into account before implementing the final decision. The areas of considerations are mainly the stakeholders of the multi-national company. 1) Customers – Obviously they are the one who buy the products from the company in order to satisfy their needs and wants. But if there is a small affect/error that occurs, then it can lead to losing the customer. So the company should consider the customers if they are going to be affected by any changes in the business. ) Employees – They are the internals of the business, hence they make up the products and distribute it to the customers. The company should take the employees opinions into account before coming to a final decision and it is important to do so as it is linked to the case 3) Government Agencies (Legal Systems) – These are the place which includes the laws of the land and before coming to a final decision for improvement , the company needs to make sure that the decision that is being taken, is it legal or not. One should consider the laws of the land in order to avoid violation of the rules and regulations. ) Society – They are the people living as a whole in the same area or same country where the factory is located. A b usiness should consider its private and social costs and benefits of doing any activity in the business as it will have an impact (positive or negative) that can create an image infront of the society (good or bad) 5) Suppliers – They are the people who supply the necessary raw materials and equipment for businesses in order for them to produce goods and services. So the suppliers need to kept informed about changes that will take place in the business. Alternative Course of Action ) Getting rid of the employee and punishing the faculty worker for the error he/she has made which has also cost the company a lot. Usually it is done by individualists who remove the responsible employee from the work by force and give out a punishment or even a penalty for the error occurred. Advantage – By taking this decision, it was help in reducing the cost for finding a replacement. Disadvantage – If this decision is taken, it will give a bad impression to the entire employee a s this is how employees are treated if a mistake/error is committed. Not to mention the huge bad impression on the society as well. ) Motivating the employees in the business by providing them a monetary rewards like bonuses, health insurances. And then also non-monetary rewards such as education. Advantage – The employees will be provided with a feeling of confidence in order to perform better and make fewer errors in the business, hence focus more on the task. Disadvantage – This decision may give out a wrong idea to the workers that the company does not care about the errors that are made in the business. 3) Improving training, by providing courses for new and existing workers in order t encounter any future errors that might occur in the production. Advantage – The benefit of creating a more flexible workforce, helping to increase the flow of production, having made the workers more skilled and having more efficiency of the workers. Disadvantage – It is obviously time consuming and the cost to train employees will be high. 4) Improving the environment, changing the layout of the offices, even the colours of wall and the atmosphere to work in that will suit the employees. Advantage – Employees will be able to work without disturbance, there will be less stress and security measures can be provided as it will help the employees work in a flexible manner with less worries and stress. Disadvantage – It is time consuming and the cost to train can also be high. Choose the best solution For the problem which had occurred in the factory, a number of alternative actions were drawn out and out of them, the most effective decision in my opinion would be the third option, which is improving training for the employees. It is a decision that has been chosen so that workers feel more confident and less nervous while doing their job as they will be more skilled and perform better than before with less problems to occur in the factory. This decision has been taken so that employees will be able to work together more flexibly. It is advised that the other alternatives should also be used but after the training solution, so that performances of individuals will also increase with time. It is highly advised not to use the first option, which is getting rid of and punishing the employees as the Japanese are communitarians as it will have a bad impression on the workers as well as the society in various aspects. Cross Cultural Communication Assignment Who Made A Serious Mistake? Name – Asad Mudeer Student I. D. – 7639 Class and Batch – C-4, Evening Faculty – Dr. Sharon How to cite Who Made a Serious Mistake?, Papers

Marketing Concepts and Theories

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Concepts and Theories. Answer: Introduction In China there is a ongoing transportation war between Didi Chuxing and Uber that is becoming more and more each day. The Chinese taxi market is dominated by Didi Chuxing, a local Chinese company based in Beijing and Uber, a taxi company based in San Francisco that was launched in China in the year 2013. Uber has been spending $1 billion, in order to compete against Didi Chuxing. This amount is equivalent to what it earns per year in the top 30 cities of its operations throughout the world. On the other hand, Didi Chuxing which holds a dominant position in the market has got huge financing from not only the local giants of technology like Tencent Holdings Ltd. as well as Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. but also from the global giants like Apple and was able to raise $1 billion funds from Apple. Overall, it was able to raise $2 billion in funding. Uber on the other hand does not have this kind of financing options available. Five Marketing Concepts The dominance of Didi Chuxing in the Chinese market over Uber can be related to its successful implementation of a number of marketing concepts and theories as given below Better Identification and Understanding of the Customer Needs A realisation is present in the world of modern business that the business undertakings need to be customer oriented and the marketers need to pay a closer attention towards the needs as well as the wants of the customers for achievement and maintenance of business relationships in a successful manner (Suensson, 2001). Didi Chuxing offers a variety of options to the customers as several distinct transportation services are offered by it. The customers can be picked up by a private car, taxi, shared car, bus or shuttle van while the focus of Uber is only on the private car rides. The reason for this is that Didi has carried out proper research to understand the needs of the local customers and understood the gaps in the market and according came up with the options (Gronroos, 1978). The company realised that in Beijing, an average employee has to travel about 15km to reach his or her workplace. This takes 44 minutes if the average speed is 20kmph. A high transport vacuum exists throughout China as the experience in the taxis, subways and local buses is not good and hence a need for better and more options. Customer Satisfaction in a better way The three Cs of customer satisfaction are consistency, consistency and just consistency and as the adage in marketing suggests that a happy customer is going to say a little while an unhappy customer will make sure that everyone knows about the negative interaction (Angelova Zekiri, 2011). Didi now encourages the customers to report about any negative incidents and for this they also have a WeChat system where they can report about bad taxi driver (Stinson, 2015). Besides the commuting options, a wide net is also being cast by Didi in terms of the geographic coverage which helps in increasing the customer base (Felix, 2015). Consequently, Didi handles over 11 million rides per day in comparison to 1 million rides per day by Uber in China in the year 2015. Cost Effectiveness The easiest ways of reaching the customers and which is more cost effective is through the use of online sites and apps for marketing the company (Olenski, 2015). The apps of large taxis do not get any transaction fees from the drivers of the taxi which leads to the acceptance among the taxi drivers. However, for hiring a private car, there is a charge of 3% applicable as transaction charge as it helps in the generation of revenue for these apps. Thus, offering of services like the taxi in private cars is not new but in China this is less disruptive in comparison to cities like Paris and the Government is more tolerant in China and so far a tough regulatory environment has not been faced by Uber for offering subsidies to the drivers. Rebranding for appealing to a larger audience Rebranding leads to the formation of an image of the product that is totally new and usually the old identity is lost (Goi Goi, 2011). The significant elements of the brand comprise slogan, logo and name and if changes are made by the company in these, it is significant that the change should create an impact which would be remembered by the customers, recognise as well as associate with. The change should help the consumers in recalling the brand name (Rosenthal, 2003). These strategies give the companies a competitive edge (Raja, N.S.; Zahad, S, 2015). The use of the name Didi Chuxing was a concept that was much more broader as in Chinese the meaning of Chuxing is commute or travel and thus it would have a greater connect with the customers in comparison to any other name. Identification and prediction of the future needs of the customers for maintaining long term relationships with them Goods as well as services are being made more progressive today as the businesses are looking for the unconscious consumer needs and producing goods in order to gratify them. The marketing concept takes the perspective of outside-in. It begins with a market that is well defined, focuses on the needs of the customers and integrates the various marketing activities affecting the customers. In turn profits are generated by the creation of last relationships with the right customers on the basis of value satisfaction (Kotler Armstrong, 2010). Developing autonomous features of driving and incorporating them in taxi-hailing apps fleet is the need of the customers in future. Car-pooling is fast emerging as a new option and journeys to the offices and shops are being shared by the people. Establishing self-driving cars is another driver for growth in future and they might make their appearance within the next two years. Conclusion A costly fight is being put up by both Didi Chuxing and Uber for attracting a higher number of drivers to sign up by providing them with subsidies and also attracting more passengers by providing deals like cash back. In a highly competitive business environment, more attention is paid by the firms to the customer needs so that quality products can be provided to them for satisfying their expectations which are ever rising. Didi always believes that a happy customer certainly means higher customer satisfaction as well as leads to customer retention in the long run (Hansemark Albinson, 2004). Didi Chuxing was known formerly as Didi Kuaidi but it adopted the marketing concept of rebranding in order to reach a larger number of customers. Didi is working on platforms for partnering with the developers of self-driving technology. Uber has also identified this future need and is currently looking for developing driverless cars. References Angelova, B. Zekiri, J., 2011. Measuring Customer Satisfaction with Service Quality Using American Customer Satisfaction Model (ACSI Model). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 1(3), pp.232-57. Felix, E., 2015. Marketing Challenges of Satisfying Consumers Changing Expectations. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 7(5), pp.41-52. Goi, C.L. Goi, T.M., 2011. Review on Models and Reasons of Rebranding. In International Conference on Social Seiences andHumanity., 2011. Gronroos, C., 1978. A Service-Oriented Approach to Marketing of Services. European Journal of Marketing, 12(8), pp.588-601. Hansemark, O.C. Albinson, M., 2004. Customer Satisfaction and Retention: The Experiences of Individual with Employees. Managing Service Quality, 14(1). Kotler, P. Armstrong, G., 2010. Principles of Marketing. New Jersey: Pearson Education. Olenski, S., 2015. 7 Cost Effective Marketing Strategies For Growing A New Brand. Forbes, 21 November. Raja, N.S.; Zahad, S, 2015. ISOR Journal of Business and Management. 2015, 15(1), pp.58-63. Rosenthal, G., 2003. A name by another name: Responding to increasing role of marketing in higher education. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Pennsylvania. Stinson, M., 2015. China After Uber. medium.com, 18 September. Suensson, G., 2001. Re-evaluating the Marketing Concept. European Business Review, 13(2).

Astronomy Final Essay Example

Astronomy Final Essay Number each question here according to its number in the Final Examination document provided by your instructor. 1. (a) Kepler’s 3rd law P^2 = a^3 (P = period in years; a = distance in AU) 75^2 = a^3 a = (75^2)^(1/3) = 17. 78 AU. (b) The further comets are from the sun, the slower they travel; therefore, it spends longer at the further distance. 2. (a) Star B is farther away. Its parallax is less. The closer a star is, the more its position changes against the background as the earth revolves around the sun. That is what parallax is. (b) 20 parsecs. One parsec = distance at which a star has a parallax of 1 arcsecond) Since this parallax is 1/20 as large, its distance is 20 times greater. (c) 65. 2 light years. (1 parsec = 3. 26 ly * 20) 3. (a) 10m would have the greater light gathering power (b) Both of the telescopes are in vacuum. The 10m one has area Pi r ^2, with r = 5m and the 2m one has r = 1. The ratio of Pi 5^2/Pi 1^2 = 25. Twenty-five times more light falls onto the l arge telescope. (c) The 10m telescope has a â€Å"Greater† light gathering power. (d) The factor would be about 25 times the light gathering power. e) Normally, light gathering power ratios are just the ratios of the areas. Due to the atmosphere on earth, there could be some absorption, however, since the wavelength is not specified, it wouldn’t hold true. Since the atmosphere acts like a gradient index lens, the amount of light that hits the earth telescope would have a very small increase thus refracting light towards the telescope. If there were no atmosphere, it would have continued at a larger angle and missed the telescope. 4. (a) d = 10,000 =100Mpc 100 (b) d = V d = 10,000 = 200Mpc H0 50 c) If universe is flat and composed mostly of matter, then the age of the Universe is 2 3H0 In the case of a very low density of matter the extrapolated age is larger. Age of universe = 1 H0 So the Universe is directly proportional to H0 5. Gx = GMm/r^2 G_new = GMm / (3r)^2 = GM m / 9r^2 (a) The force is 1/9 times (b) 9 times weaker 6. 15000/3000)^4 (a) The blue star is 625 times (b) more luminous Essay (Answer all nine Questions) Complete these answers in your own words. Follow instructions in the Final Examination document. Answer all questions according to the instructions. Number each question here according to its number in the Final Examination document provided by your instructor. 1. a. H-R Diagram A (Very Young Cluster) b. H-R Diagram D (Young Cluster) c. H-R Diagram B (Old Cluster) d. H-R Diagram C (Very Old Cluster) Similar to the sun, stars will spend a majority of their life on the main sequence. We can view this by looking at the H-R diagram, which shows a ‘dense concentration’ of stars along a constricted belt from the upper left to the lower right. The mass of the star determines where on the main sequence it is located and how soon the star will move away from the main sequence. We will write a custom essay sample on Astronomy Final specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Astronomy Final specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Astronomy Final specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The age of the cluster can be estimated by viewing a cluster of stars on the HR diagram in reference to where they end on the main sequence. 2. Seasonal variation of a planet depends on the frequency with which any given side of the planet changes its position with respect to the star. For a planet like Uranus, which has a high tilt (73 deg), the same side always faces the sun and hence its always summer on one side and winter on the other. Thus we can conclude that seasonal variation is directly related to the tilt of the planet. 3. a. Among the given planets, D has the minimum tilt – So the answer is D, which shows max seasonal variation. b. A planet will be geologically active if it has a high density, since that would assure wide variety of rocks and minerals and ores and less amount of hot gases; so among the planets, A has the highest density and is the most geologically active. 3. The younger surface would go to Moon A due to the fact that Moon B possesses many craters, which are clearly visible as the picture represents (this is clearly shown by the illuminated spots). Genesis shows that the craters were developed over time. Since moon A has far less craters, this means it was recently formed thus making it the younger moon. 4. a. The Hubble Expansion: As the distance increases, the apparent brightness of the object decreases meaning it becomes darker the farther away it gets. This technique determines the relative distances of similar objects. In addition, a phenomenon called the Doppler effect can be used to determine the velocity of an object. The sonic Doppler effect is caused by compression of sonic wave fronts, which can be generalized to electromagnetic radiation and other wavelike phenomena. The magnitude of an objects Doppler shift is a function of its radial velocity relative to the observer. Velocities of various objects, such as stars and galaxies, have been tabulated in our vicinity. An almost straight line with positive slope was obtained when the distance was plotted for various galaxies against their velocities. This shows us that the farther away an object is, the greater the velocity. This lends support to the Big Bang theoryif the universe does indeed expand in a manner consistent with the Big Bang model, then two objects that are close to each other should have smaller relative velocities than in comparison with distant objects. b. Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB): This is the result of theorized energetics, which was discovered in 1965 by Penzias and Wilson. Their discovery showed microwave radiation emanating from all directions in our observable locality of the universe. As predicted by the Big Bang Model, the universe is filled with plasma at high temperatures. As a result, hydrogen can only exit as plasma with an ambient temperature of about 3000K. c. Primordial abundance of light elements: This is the observed abundance of elements in the universe. Examinations through the spectra of various objects shows us that helium makes up about 23% of observable mass in the universe, which is entirely too large to be accounted for by stellar fusion. Since stellar nucleosynthesis makes the abundance of lighter nuclei hard to explain, the Big Bang model theorizes that the nuclei were created during the fierce explosion. . Due to the numerous negative effects on the body, human space travel remains physiologically difficult. Many of these affects are due to long-term weightlessness. Examples include: muscle atrophy, skeletal deterioration, slowing of cardiovascular functions, red blood cell production decrease, balance disorders, and weakening of the immune system. In addition, without the appropriate protection, space exposure becomes a sever threat due to the environmental differences between space and earth – especially the lack of oxygen and pressure. Interstellar space travel consists of many problems, which makes human travel extremely difficult – even in the future. One problem is the amount of fuel needed for long-duration flights. In addition, we have to worry about the damaging effects of galactic radiation. Also consider the loneliness and boredom of generations of humans spending their entire lives aboard a spacecraft. In order to get to the nearest star system beyond our Solar System (Alpha Centauri), we would have to travel 4. 3 ly with a constant flight velocity of 50 km/s; which is roughly about 25,000 years. Although that velocity would allow us to escape the Solar System, it would still take 250 centuries to reach our closest star system. It is very unlikely that humans will be able to equip themselves with the technology, at least anytime soon, to make contact with extraterrestrial life. Even if we took into account the many factors in the Drake equation, galactic civilizations are probably spread out like small islands throughout space. Even if the average lifetime of extraterrestrial civilizations is 1 million years, our most optimistic estimates suggest that each is separated by ~300 ly. Additionally, thousands of sorties would have to be launched toward candidate star systems for any hope of successful extraterrestrial contact. In summary, although it may never become feasible, interstellar space flight is both uneconomical and impractical now and anytime in the foreseeable future. 6. Galileo Galilei was a very influential astronomer because he defended his beliefs in a time when the Roman Inquisition was in power. Galileo defended his idea of heliocentrism against the Inquisition and was put on house arrest. This did not stop him from doing what he loved. While on house arrest, he made observations and continued his work. His contributions to astronomy include the discovery of three moons of Jupiter, the idea that the nature of each planet is unique, identification of sunspots, and his continued examinations of the Milky Way and sea tides. 7. As of March 23, 2012, 763 exoplanets (extrasolar) within our Milky Way have been discovered by satellites such as the Kepler. Consequently, these satellites have been flying through space, uncovering hundreds of new planets within our galaxy. Recently, two planets (Kepler 62e and 62f) have been discovered, which orbit a sun similar to ours but cooler. These planets are at just the right distance that allows water to remain liquid an essential must for a planet to support life. In addition, these planets are very similar to the size of Earth. Because of their size and orbits, it is highly likely that they are either rocky or watery. The two planets are located 1,200 light-years away in a five-planet system orbiting a star dubbed Kepler-62. 8. The milky is a flat disk surrounded by a halo with a bulge at the center. Within the disk, lay clouds of gas and dust that amount to around 15% of the mass of stars. Although we cannot see the nucleus due to all the scattered dust radio, infrared, and x-ray telescopes allow us to see through the dust and show us that the core contains a dense swarm of gas and stars and a massive black hole. A majority of the gas and dust clouds lie within the disk. In addition, bright stars gather into spiral arms winding in an outward direction. The location of our solar system is about 26,000 ly from the center, lying on the inner edge of the spiral arm. 9. D C B A

The Woman Who Explained the Sun and Stars

The Woman Who Explained the Sun and Stars Today, ask any astronomer what the Sun and other stars are made of, and youll be told, Hydrogen and helium and trace amounts of other elements. We know this through a study of sunlight, using a technique called spectroscopy. Essentially, it dissects sunlight into its component wavelengths called a spectrum. Specific characteristics in the spectrum tell astronomers what elements exist in the Suns atmosphere. We see hydrogen, helium, silicon, plus carbon, and other common metals in stars and nebulae throughout the universe.  We have this knowledge thanks to the pioneering work done by Dr. Cecelia Payne-Gaposchkin throughout her career.   The Woman Who Explained the Sun and Stars In 1925, astronomy student Cecelia Payne turned in her doctoral thesis on the topic of stellar atmospheres. One of her most important findings was that the Sun is very rich in hydrogen and helium, more so than astronomers thought. Based on that, she concluded that hydrogen is THE major constituent of all stars, making hydrogen the most abundant element in the universe. It makes sense, since the Sun and other stars fuse hydrogen in their cores to create heavier elements. As they age, stars also fuse those heavier elements to make more complex ones. This process of stellar nucleosynthesis is what populates the universe with many of the elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. Its also an important part of the evolution of stars, which Cecelia sought to understand. The idea that stars are made mostly of hydrogen seems like a very obvious thing to astronomers today, but for its time, Dr. Paynes idea was startling. One of her advisors - Henry Norris Russell - disagreed with it and demanded she take it out of her thesis defense. Later, he decided it was a great idea, published it on his own, and got the credit for the discovery. She continued to work at Harvard, but for time, because she was a woman, she received very low pay and the classes she taught werent even recognized in the course catalogs at the time.   In recent decades, the credit for her discovery and subsequent work has been restored to Dr. Payne-Gaposchkin. She is also credited with establishing that stars can be classified by their temperatures, and published more than 150 papers on stellar atmospheres, stellar spectra. She also worked with her husband, Serge I. Gaposchkin, on variable stars. She published five books, and won a number of awards. She spent her entire research career at Harvard College Observatory, eventually becoming the first woman to chair a department at Harvard. Despite successes that would have gained male astronomers at the time incredible praise and honors, she faced gender discrimination throughout much of her life. Nonetheless, she is now celebrated as a brilliant and original thinker for her contributions that changed our understanding of how stars work.   As one of the first of a group of female astronomers at Harvard, Cecelia Payne-Gaposchkin blazed a trail for women in astronomy that many cite as their own inspiration to study the stars. In 2000, a special centenary celebration of her life and science at Harvard drew astronomers from around the world to discuss her life and findings and how they changed the face of astronomy. Largely due to her work and example, as well as the example of women who were inspired by her courage and intellect, the role of women in astronomy is slowly improving, as more select it as a profession.   A Portrait of the Scientist Throughout her Life Dr. Payne-Gaposchkin was born as Cecelia Helena Payne in England on May 10, 1900. She got interested in astronomy after hearing Sir Arthur Eddington describe his experiences on an eclipse expedition in 1919. She then studied astronomy, but because she was female, she was refused a degree from Cambridge. She left England for the United States, where she studied astronomy and got her PhD from Radcliffe College (which is now a part of Harvard University).   After she received her doctorate, Dr. Payne went on to study a number of different types of stars, particularly the very brightest high luminosity stars.  Her main interest was to understand the stellar structure of the Milky Way, and she ultimately studied variable stars in our galaxy and the nearby Magellanic Clouds. Her data played a large role in determining the ways that stars are born, live, and die.   Cecelia Payne married fellow astronomer Serge Gaposchkin in 1934 and they worked together on variable stars and other targets throughout their lives. They had three children. Dr. Payne-Gaposchkin continued teaching at Harvard until 1966, and continued her research into stars with the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (headquartered at Harvards Center for Astrophysics. She died in 1979.

Marketing Planing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Planing - Essay Example It is expected your report demonstrates strong evaluative style you should draw on the relevant theories covered within the course (course book attached) you must relate your answer to your chosen organization ( eg : Barclay's, HSBC U.K etc) Harvard referencing Stlye This paper is aimed at looking at how the recent credit crunch is affecting banks and how this in turn affects international business. The paper argues from a marketing point of view. Here the paper looks into how marketing can help restore confidence and competitive advantage into some of these troubled banks. The recent credit crunch in the U.S is a cause for concern for governments, regulatory bodies, businesses, individuals, stock markets, etc. This issue is affecting world trade in that it is currently making it difficult for banks to provide loans to businesses given the significant losses encountered so far as following prior sub-prime mortgage lending. The first part of the paper looks into the institution in question. Here our institution under case study is the Barclays bank. The first part of the paper discusses the various ways through which Barclays bank could be affected by the crisis. The second part of the paper discusses the role of marketing towards restoring a com petitive advantage and creating value for Barclays bank. The last part of the paper presents the conclusion and recommendation. Bar... The last part of the paper presents the conclusion and recommendation. 1.1 Overview of the institution under case study -Barclays Bank Barclays PLC (Barclays) is an international and major player in the world financial system. It is headquartered in the United Kingdom, a global financial services provider and is engaged in retail, commercial banking, credit cards, investment banking, wealth management and investment management services. (Report 2008). The bank is present in Europe, United States, Africa and Asia using different strategies with respect to different markets. According to an independent analyst review, the Company operates in business segments: For example, UK Retail Banking, Barclays Commercial Bank, Barclaycard, Global Retail and Commercial Banking (GRCB)-Western Europe, GRCB-Emerging Markets, GRCB-Absa, Barclays Capital, Barclays Global Investors and Barclays Wealth (Company's Report 2008). Today, Barclays Plc is listed in major stock exchanges in the world such as the London, the Tokyo and the New York etc. Barclays Plc has consolidated its position through a series of mergers and acquisitions. For example, according to the company's web page, in November 2008, Barclays PLC announced that it has completed the purchase of the Italian residential mortgage business of Macquarie Group Limited. According to the company's (2008) report, Barclays PLC was ranked as the 25th largest company in the world according to Forbes Global 2000 (2008 list) and the fourth largest financial services provider in the world according to Tier 1 capital ($32.5 billion). It is the second largest bank in the United Kingdom based on asset size, although its

Why do police officers, who are meant to abide by the rules, Essay

Why do police officers, who are meant to abide by the rules, [sometimes] bend and break them - Essay Example It is a profession which was believed previously to not possess any sort of malice but it has been found that some unethical behaviour does persist in the police force too. This has been witnessed in the police force of United Kingdom as a small number of officers have been found to commit these unethical behaviours. The police officers in the United Kingdom have been under severe criticism for scandals which took place in 1820s and 1960s. It has been found at many instances that the police force in United Kingdom has been involved in bribery, tampering of evidence, and beating up of subjects. For such a behaviour to be avoided policies such as Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 have been enacted in the United Kingdom. The problem with the police department is not limited to the developed country of United Kingdom but it also spreads to the United States. It has been found that unethical behaviour also persists in the police force of United States (Mollen 1994). â€Å"Most police departments have members who commit corrupt acts from time to time. Only some police departments, however, become corrupt police departments.† (Sherman, 1978 pg. 32) Police officers at times break the rules for a gain which might not be personal but would rather be a group gain. Police officers break rules at instances where they think that they can benefit from the whole situation. A reward for breaking rules can also be cited by these police officers as they might show a legitimate reason to commit that offence. Some of the major problems which are causing the police officers to break the rules in accordance to their will are related to their personal gains and power. Discretion being the foremost factor in determining as to if the police officer would turn out to be corrupt or not. This discretion allows the police officers to be the sole authority at particular instances where they can bend and break the laws in the way that they like. These are probably done for the bett er future of the police officers and the resources that they might be provided after being successful in those instances. Discretion of the police officers also gives rise to the question as to what are the goals of policing actually ? To answer this one can say that the police officer defines his or her goals according to a prevalent belief in the policing system. It is the seniors of the police officers who leave an impact on the juniors as to how they should handle their authority at some instances. If this authority is handled incorrectly then it leads to corruption within the department whereas if it is handled correctly then corruption would not prevail (Barker & Carter 1986, Pg. 30-45 ; Kleiney 1996 Pg. 81-96 ). Another reason for corruption in the police department is the less visibility of the actions of the police officers. Goldstein states that ‘under the best of circumstances, police agencies have several peculiar characteristics that make them especially difficult to administer. Police officers are spread out in the field, not subject to direct supervision’ (Goldstein 1990:6). As the police department is not watched upon by specific authorities many of the police officers can be involved in the practices of corruption. A possible solution to the problem of less visibility is transparency as put forward by many agencies. Police corruption can be stopped if the officers have to be transparent in their dealing and they are being looked upon by authoritative figures. Similarly these police officers are not exposed to the public too as they only have to deal with specific individuals at specific instances. If public has a transparency to the objectives of policing then it is possible that the rates of corruption would be decreased in

The Effect Of Using The Balanced Scorecard Information Technology Essay

The Effect Of Using The Balanced Scorecard Information Technology Essay This research is basically to access and analyse the effect of the use of balanced scorecard as a strategic management system in an organisation. In the course of this research, extensive literature review of the balanced scorecard will be made. However, this research will run in the confines of a case study. Since the aim of this research is to analyse the effect of using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system, ASDA/WALMART SUPERSTORES will be used as a case study. ASDA/WALMART is the second largest retailer in the United Kingdom and the use of the balanced scored card as a strategic management system will help them align their vision with set objectives of the organisation. After much research consideration of this subject matter, it can be established that this approach can work for any organisation in the retail industry. CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION The balanced scorecard (BSC) model was developed by US academics Robert Kaplan and David Norton in response to the shortcomings of traditional financial measures. The balanced scorecard (BSC) is a management tool that helps to align behaviour of all employees to the organisations strategy (Marr, B. Neely, A, 2003) Tuan, L.T and Venkatesh, S. supported that the balanced scorecard (BSC) provides a framework which encourages the use of financial and non-financial measures of performance. This also will allow organisation to identify its strategic object. This can be achieved by balancing four core perspectives- Financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business process perspective and learning and growth perspective to measure performance (Kaplan and Norton 1992) BACKGROUND Source: www.theagileexecutive.com CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH OBJECTIVES To carry out a critical literature review to identify and assess the role of the use of balanced scorecard performance appraisal system To examine the criticism of the balanced scorecard as against the traditional methods of performance measurements. To carry out an empirical research to establish the opinions of the top Management team of ASDA/WALMART about the use of the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system. To find out whether the middle managers in ASDA/WALMART support the use of the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system and if they find it effective? To come to a conclusion on the extent to which the use of the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system is effective. 3.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES After carrying out a literature review to collate data on the views of different authors on the use of balanced scorecard as a strategic management system, a set of questions will be prepared. This is necessary so as to be able to have a wide range of top management and middle managers view on the subject matter. In order to obtain relevant information needed to achieve the objectives stated below; questionnaires will be sent and delivered to top management team and middle managers of ASDA/WALMART for the following reasons: To examine the controversies of the use of the balance scorecard as a strategic management system. To analyse and establish the opinions of top management team and middle managers on the effectiveness of the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system. To draw a conclusion on the extent to which the balanced scorecard model is more effective than traditional methods of performance appraisal. 3.3 RESEARCH APPROACH 3.3.1 RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY Blaikie, N. (2003) defined positivism as the research that assumes that social reality is external to people involved and only the aspect that can be measured are regarded as relevant to research. Jackson, W. (1995) stated that research just like positivism relies on experiments, survey and secondary data, therefore, according to the research onion model, my research philosophy is positivism based. The author will be using questionnaire which comes under the Survey category. 3.4 RESEARCH STRATEGY The deductive approach research strategy will be used for this research because; sufficient materials like journals, articles and periodicals are available to carry out a test on how effective is the use of the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system. This research approach will involve different researches strategies ranging from Experiment Survey, Case Study, Ethnography and action Research but the Survey strategy will be used for this research. Survey strategy and questionnaire option are chosen under this category leaving behind the structured interview and observation. Kumar, R (1999, p.104) stated that sometimes information required to carry out a research are readily available but needed to be gathered or collected from different sources to get the clue to what one is trying to find out or achieve. To achieve the objective of this research as earlier stated above, questions will be tailored to answer the Research Objectives. Questionnaire was chosen because it allows the collection of data from a sizeable population i.e. the top management team and middle managers of ASDA/WALMART. The delivery and collection questionnaire method is considered appropriate for this research. The questionnaire will be delivered in person to selected top management team and middle managers, asking them of a possible date of collection. This is chosen to be the best form of questionnaire method necessary to achieve the aim of the research, Saunders et al (2009) The author considered interview as another option to this research, but realised that time may be a limiting factor. It may be impossible to interview all the top management team/middle managers of ASDA/WALMART. The author also considered the convenience of answering the structured interview as respondents may be busy with other business matters on the day of interview. This may cause lack of concentration or simply not getting the best from the person interviewed. If time permits, additional information through interview would be gathered. This will be done by carefully selecting respondents from the questionnaire who are willing to supply more information on the subject matter and are ready to be interviewed, to assist in achieving the objective of the research. A question will be in the questionnaire asking whether respondent are willing to give further information to help achieve the research objective (Interview). Other research strategy or methods are considered inappropriate for this kind of research. ADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRE Questionnaires are generally seen as been cheaper to administer compared to interviews. Researchers and authors believe that questionnaire saves time, human and financial resources. Bryman, A. (2004, p. 133) added that, the reduction in cost of carrying out a research is an advantage considering a sample that is geographically widely dispersed. Questionnaires are also quicker to administer as they can be sent out through the post, distributed in an office, school or working place etc. It also offer greater anonymity as some questions are sensitive and are best asked without face to face interaction, Kumar R. added. This allows the respondent to freely express his/her opinion on the topic of research. According to Bryman, A. (2004), it has been argued that the characteristics of the interviewers (and respondents) do affect the answers that people give. It was discovered that characteristics like ethnicity, gender, social background of the interviewer may combine to bias the answers that the respondent provides. This is also part of the reason why questionnaire was chosen to be the most appropriate method of data collection. DISADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRE Despite all these advantages, questionnaire also has its own disadvantages and these are discussed below: Questionnaire can only be applied to a population that can read and write. This does not provide opportunity for the population sector that is part of the research that is illiterate, very young or old, or handicapped, Kumar R. stated. A low response rate or low feedback from the distributed questionnaire is a major disadvantage of the use of questionnaire. Some of the distributed questionnaires are thrown in the waste bin, some are forgotten where they are kept by the respondent; these do not make the researcher to get a perfect picture on the subject matter and conclusion may be drawn from few respondent who returned the questionnaire. Kumar, R. (1999), stated factors that can contribute to low response of the questionnaire as follows: The interest of the sample population on the topic of study; the layout and length of the questionnaire; the methodology used to deliver the questionnaire. In tackling these factors for the purpose of this research, I have carefully selected auditing firms that are directly involved in provision of non audit services. I have also considered the small business entities that desire the use of auditors for both auditing purposes and non audit services. Gill, J. and Johnson, P. (1997, p.89), stated that all questions in the questionnaire should be really relevant to the research question, therefore I have handled the issue of relevance, layout and length of question with care. I have also made up my mind to deliver the questionnaires in person to the sample of population selected and asking a convenient day and time for collection of the questionnaire. This approach will assist to reduce the problem of low response rate experienced using questionnaires. Another disadvantage of questionnaire is that respondent does not have the opportunity to ask for clarification on issues. This does affect the quality of information supplied by respondent. The may also cause collation problem for the researcher, if different respondent interpret same question differently. In handling this, the questions in the questionnaire will be set in a simple and unambiguous manner. The questions will be stated in clear terms for all to understand. Questionnaire cannot probe, stated Bryman, A. (2004). The researcher cannot probe further on an issue apart from that which is in the questionnaire. The only way that questionnaire can be made to probe is by asking an open-ended question. In Open- ended questions possible responses are not given to the respondent. The respondent write down the answers in his/her words, Kumar, R. (1999, p.116) The disadvantage of open ended questions is that it may be difficult for the research to summarise his find as opinion of respondent may be far apart/ different from each other making it difficult for researcher to summarise and conclude. Kumar, R. (1999), gave another disadvantage of questionnaire as its inability to be supplemented with other information like interview which can be supplemented with observation. To handle this, if time permit as earlier stated an interview will be conducted to supplement (additional information) the information gathered through questionnaire. CHAPTER FOUR RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Conduct a review of literature on the use of balanced scorecard as a strategic management system in order to develop research question. A case study methodology will be used as the primary research method A questionnaire will be developed with question based on the background and objective of the research. The questions in the questionnaire will seek to test the research question; does the use of the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system have any effect on performance? The questionnaire will be distributed to the corporate directors and also Middle Managers of ASDA. Data analysis that will be used is percentage method and chart, to evaluate the effect of non audit service on auditors independence. 4. If required, conduct interviews with some auditors after the collation of Questionnaire. RESEARCH DESIGN DATA REQUIRED The Data required are data that will give information about the effects of the use of the balanced scorecard. Also data that will give information about how middle managers find the implementation and what their opinion will be is very essential too. SOURCE OF DATA Textbooks, journals, online and articles will be consulted. Information will also be gathered through questionnaires. SAMPLE PLANNING/SAMPLE SIZE DATA ANALYSIS Charts and graphs and grant chart will be used to analyse findings. HYPOTHESIS TESTING Hypothesis drawn on this research will be tested and the most appropriate will be considered in the course of this project. CHAPTER FIVE EXPECTED RESULTS/FINDINGS It is expected that the response that will be gathered from the ASDA/WALMART will be the secondary data that will be analysed to help us come to a conclusion on the research. RESOURCES I have access to finances that can sustain the research program. I have access to libraries, books, journals, online e-books and organisations. CONTINGENCY PLAN Plans are in place to continue with this research in case the current methodology fails. Structured interview will be used, however this approach may be time consuming and respondents too may not be readily available. We will need to have this approach as a backup plan.

How does Iago Convince Othello to Kill Cassio and Desdemona by the End of Act Three?

How does Iago Convince Othello to Kill Cassio and Desdemona by the End of Act Three? Act Three of Othello begins with Othello having no doubts at all concerning his wife’s fidelity and the happiness of their marriage, and ends with him almost totally convinced of her false guilt of being in an affair despite having very little evidence to prove it and no reason to want it to be true. His complete certainty comes rather from the manipulative skill of his ensign Iago who uses three principal broad categories of tactics to convince Othello of Desdemona’s culpability.Iago’s first and favoured tactic at the beginning of Act Three, Scene Three (the pivotal scene in which he brainwashes Othello) is that of subtly delivering half-completed ideas and ambiguous statements to reel Othello into this body of lies and entice him into questioning Desdemona’s fidelity. This begins when Cassio, whom Iago is trying to frame as Desdemona’s lover, takes his leave from the scene. Desdemona says to Cassio ‘Well, do your discretion’, to which Iago replies ‘Ha, I like not that’ (3. 3. 34).By saying that he does not like the idea of Cassio being free to do as he pleases, Iago implies that Cassio is doing something wrong and going unnoticed, thus sowing the initial seeds of doubt in Othello’s mind. When Othello begins to question him as to what he’s seemingly keeping secret, Iago masterfully uses hesitation to convey half-completed ideas and further snare Othello. For instance, when asked what he is saying by Othello, he answers ‘Nothing, my lord; or if- I know not what. ’ (3. 3. 36) The pause after ‘if’ conveys the idea that there is more to the story and, also, that Othello doesn’t want to hear it.This supposedly evasive answer intrigues Othello and allows Iago to proceed later on with bolder persuasion. Iago exercises other methods to communicate supposed unsettled, half-formed ideas, such as in his monologue in Act Three Scene Three lines 147-157, which is a vague, tangled, and convoluted expression of the horribleness of his thoughts, containing sudden pauses and spoken in the more awkward and disorganised prose form. This all serves to give the impression that Iago is hiding something and to frustrate Othello, which works, since when Iago is done Othello exclaims ‘Zounds! What dost thou mean? ’.It is clear that early on Iago’s rhetorical tactics successfully lure Othello into doubt and lay the foundations for Iago’s forthcoming more concrete convincing of Othello. In addition to these rhetorical tactics is Iago’s use of subliminal influence to win Othello over to his side. Iago makes remarks that, on the surface, are positive, but are actually meant to convince Othello of Cassio and Desdemona’s guilt. For example, when Othello asks Iago why he asked him whether Cassio knew about Othello and Desdemona’s lo ve from the beginning of their relationship, Iago replies ‘But for the satisfaction of my thought,/ No further harm’ (3.3. 97-8). Ostensibly this seems like a good thing for Othello, but Iago is implying two things that would indicate harm: first, that Iago has a curious thought about Cassio and Desdemona that needs to be satisfied and, second, that harm has already been done. Later on in the scene, when Othello claims that he does not believe that Desdemona is cheating on him, Iago says ‘Long live she [as loyal]; and long live you to think so’ (3. 3. 230). Once again Iago is outwardly looking at the situation in a good light, but beneath the surface he is suggesting that Othello is being naive.This obviously works, because on the next line Othello has begun to worry once again. Iago uses another aporia to sway Othello when he says ‘For Michael Cassio,/I dare be sworn, I think, that he is honest’ (3. 3. 127-8). The two caesurae in this line emp hasise the daring and the thinking, both expressions of doubt. Therefore, Iago weakens his own point so that Cassio’s honesty is subject to much doubt in Othello’s mind. Furthermore, line 128 has eleven syllables, by contrast to the rest of the passage’s lines which, written in iambic pentameter, have ten syllables.This extra syllable does not fit in with the meter, and so implies that Iago’s claim that Cassio is honest is not quite correct: the word doesn’t quite hold. Once more Iago is knowingly undermining his statements to inflate Othello’s doubt that they are true. Moreover, in this line Iago says that he ‘dare be sworn’ that Cassio is not cheating with Desdemona. Using the word ‘dare’ insinuates a risk in doing so and, what’s more, this phrase uses vocabulary often used in law courts, which entails a crime.This phrase which seems to intend to comfort Othello is actually a threatening accusation against Cassio (and hence Desdemona). Later on, once Othello seems completely certain of his wife and Cassio’s guilt, Iago uses similar subliminal influencing to beguile Othello into killing the two. He says, as the two are kneeling and promising that they will unite to achieve revenge, Iago says: ‘†¦ Iago doth give up The execution of his wit, hands, heart, To wronged Othello’s service’ (3. 3. 468-70).Using the word ‘execution’ with its double meaning while talking about revenge implants the idea into Othello’s mind that his revenge should take the form of murder. Iago reinforces this shortly afterwards by accepting Othello’s order to kill Cassio, and then saying ‘But let her live’ (3. 3. 477). In this way Iago is influencing Othello to do the exact opposite of the words’ surface meaning by reminding him of how he hasn’t ordered anything to be done about her and, since Othello’s hatred for Desdemon a is currently at its peak, it is the perfect time to induce an order for murder out of him.Iago’s subliminal influences also come in the form of getting into Othello’s head in order that he may be more subject to passion than any rationality and therefore believe more of what he is told and leap to more rash conclusions and decisions. For instance, Iago gives supposed evidence of Desdemona’s affair by talking about seeing Cassio using a handkerchief of Desdemona: ‘I know not that, but such a handkerchief, I am sure it was your wife’s, did I today See Cassio wipe his beard with’. (3. 3.440-2) This powerful visual image of Cassio using a handkerchief, which Othello so cherishes and which represents his love for Desdemona, in such a base and unrefined way is likely to cloud Othello’s good judgement and have his impulses lead him to accept what Iago says as the truth. Iago also tries to get into Othello’s head by bringing up past w ords when he says ‘She did deceive her father, marrying you’ (3. 3. 209), which calls back to the powerfully resonant lines of Brabantio in Act One ‘Look to her, Moor, if thou hast eyes to see:/ She has deceived her father, and may thee’.Iago’s paraphrasing of these lines serves to convince him of Desdemona’s deception by convincing him that it was fated, and these lines which are haunting for Othello do this successfully. The final factors that render Iago so effective at convincing Othello are his flexibility and competence at tailoring his persuasive tactics to Othello’s emotions and vulnerability at any time, and his brilliant sense of timing. Iago seems to know exactly when his intervention is or is not required; for instance when Desdemona starts talking about how much she likes Cassio andhow she sometimes talks badly about Othello behind his back, Iago stays silent for minutes despite being in the scene, because his plan is going well as Desdemona damages her relationship with Othello on her own, Iago’s plan having previously been set, and the current dialogue does not need to intervened with or adjusted for the plan to work. This is testament to Iago’s flexibility, which is also demonstrated when Othello demands ocular proof of Desdemona’s infidelity.To deal with this, Iago uses Desdemona’s handkerchief which he has just been given to quickly devise a plot which later serves as ocular proof for Othello. Iago here knew that Othello needed to see the ‘ocular’ proof quickly while he was still vulnerable, and Iago’s thinking on his feet led to Othello being even further convinced by his supposed theory. Iago also displays an excellent ability to assess how vulnerable Othello is at any point, and hence how bold he can be.For example, only once Othello is vulnerable enough and he knows that he is safe does Iago first explicitly suggest adultery: he says ‘That cuckold lives in bliss/ Who, certain of his fate, loves not his wronger’. By claiming that confusion is worse than both ignorance and certainty, Iago is both sympathising with Othello and implying that he now may as well know, thus explicitly suggesting Desdemona’s infidelity in the safest possible way. Furthermore, when a depressed Othello says ‘And yet how nature, erring from itself-’ (3. 3.230), Iago senses the weakness and cuts Othello off, then delivers a long speech about the absurdity of Othello’s marriage and convinces him of this fabricated affair. In conclusion, Iago draws Othello in and then skilfully persuades him that Cassio and Desdemona should die by using an array of linguistic and rhetorical tricks and by paying close attention to Othello’s sentiments and desires so that he is transformed from not suspecting anything to wanting to kill his wife and her alleged lover within three days. Iago uses his own skill and his knowledg e of Othello’s jealous nature to achieve his sinister ambitions.

Among the hidden–Reader’s report

Bolometer The book I read is Among the hidden Which is wrote by Margaret Peterson Haddam. This book was published by Simon & Schuster Children's Publishing in 1998. It is a science-fiction book Which has about 150 pages. My first impression of this book is that it is a sad story because the cover page is made up by cool tone. The story happens in the future which starts with Lake's birthday in Lake's home.With a new housing development replacing the woods next to his family farm, he is no longer allowed to go outside. There is a law about each family can only have tow children. Luke has lived his entire life in hiding because he is a shadow child, a third child forbidden by the population police. Luke admires his brothers so much because they can go to school and play with friends out side. This setting makes me feeling mysterious and depressive. Until one day, he find out there is an other shadow child in his neighbor's family.She is Jean, the creator of a chat room for shadow child ren chatting with each other. They become friends soon after they meet. Jean organizes a rally Which hundreds of shadow children are going to protest the government's population law, but Luck does not participate in the rally that day because of fear. After the rally day, Luck can not contact with Jean for a week. He is so anxious that he breaks in Jean's house. He meets Jean's dad in the house who tells him a appealing news Jean and other shadow children were killed by population police.Then, Jean's dad helps Luck escaping from population police' chase. Finally, they achieve to make a fake I. D for Luck. On this story, the main conflict is person versus society. All the shadow children are illegal, but they never stop the struggle for freedom. The two main character for the story are Luck and Jean. Luck is a small-bone and soft looking boy. Firstly, I think he is an obedient boy. He never disobey his parents' order about hiding. He does not ask much about why he have to hid even he is very unwilling to do that.Secondly, he is a person of perseverance. He observe his neighbors every day. So he can know each of his neighbors. And that's why he can find out Jean when he saw the light in her home after all her relatives are going out. Jean is the most impressive person I have read in this story. She is slim and has a short hair. She is so courageous that she organizes the rally at the risk of her life. And she is really decent that she wants all the shadow children have the same right with the normal people. She is dead because of trying to protest the totalitarian government.In my opinion, the reason author write this book is to tell the children how blessedness they are now. Comparing with these shadow children who are not accepted by the society, we are really lucky. This book make me occurring to China. China is a country have that population law, but not as serious as the book describes. The family who have more children in China have to pay a fine. That tel ls us each thing has its limit. If the overspent is so strict at population law, it will be a tragedy for someone.If the government do this reasonable, it will be a good thing to everyone. The major strength for reader to read this book is that the poll is very suspenseful Which you will never know what are going to happen. The weakness is that it is a sad story. Jean is dead at the end, it does not make reader feeling happy. I will recommend this book to my friends because it can tell them to treasure their life. I think if a person feels lonely and reactive by society, he can resonate with the children in the book and he will like this book.

Social Work Practice Guidelines Are Outlined By The Nasw

Social Work practice guidelines are outlined by the NASW Code of Ethics, CSWE Educational Policy and Standards, and HIPPA. NASW Code of Ethics explain the missions values and core functions of how a social worker practices. It is a guide that is used to assist social workers through ethical dilemmas while emphasizing core values (National Association of Social Workers, n.d.). CSWE is a national association that maintains the standards of educational programs for social work degrees. This entity ensures education is supported by appropriate accreditation that focuses on curriculums to ensure full understanding of all required competencies and that the program is aligned with its goals and missions. (Council on Social Work Education,†¦show more content†¦148) It is the Social workers duty to practice confidentiality while coordinating and advocating care for members. HIPPA rules protect health information and provide guidelines to distinctly identify who is authorized to disclose and receive information. Typical cases protected under HIPPA may involve authorized government entities, law enforcement, and mandating reporters. Disclosure of information is authorized between providers regarding member receiving care for the purpose of treating that member in an emergency situation. This disclosure information is limited to disclose what is pertinent to the actual treatment the member is receiving. A significant job function and responsibility of the Social Worker employed at the Medicaid Integrated health plan is to ensure members have no gaps in services. The social workers that work with members dually diagnosed with a severely mental illness and substance abuse must practice caution while coordinating services. While maintaining compliance with HIPPA rules social workers must also comply with 42 CFR Part 2. 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